Intercostal nerves

Intercostal nerves
Intercostal nerves
	Diagram of the course and branches of a typical intercostal nerve.
	Intercostal nerves, the superficial muscles having been removed.
Details
From	thoracic nerves (T1-T11)
Innervates	intercostal muscle
Identifiers
Latin	nervi intercostales
MeSH	D007367
TA98	A14.2.04.006
TA2	6471
FMA	75467
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The intercostal nerves are part of the somatic nervous system, and arise from the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11.^[1]^[2] The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum, and differ from the anterior rami of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation.^[1]^[3]

The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb and thorax; the next four distribute to the walls of the thorax; the lower five supply the walls of the thorax and abdomen.^[3] The 7th intercostal nerve ends at the xyphoid process of the sternum.^[3] The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the navel.^[3] The 12th (subcostal) thoracic is distributed to the walls of the abdomen and groin.^[3] Each of these fibers contains around 1300 axons.^[2]

Unlike the nerves from the autonomic nervous system that innervate the visceral pleura of the thoracic cavity, the intercostal nerves arise from the somatic nervous system. This enables them to control the contraction of muscles, as well as provide specific sensory information regarding the skin and parietal pleura. This explains why damage to the internal wall of the thoracic cavity can be felt as a sharp pain localized in the injured region. Damage to the visceral pleura is experienced as an un-localized ache.

^ ^a ^b Ostrowska, Monika; de Carvalho, Mamede (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 34 - Injuries of the Nerves of the Thorax", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 525–543, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802653-3.00083-x, ISBN 978-0-12-802653-3, retrieved 2020-11-17
^ ^a ^b Hébert-Blouin, Marie-Noëlle; Spinner, Robert J.; Bishop, Allen T.; Shin, Alexander Y. (2012-01-01), Chung, Kevin C.; Yang, Lynda J. -S.; McGillicuddy, John E. (eds.), "CHAPTER 19 - Reconstructive procedures for the upper extremity", Practical Management of Pediatric and Adult Brachial Plexus Palsies, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 249–270, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0575-1.00019-8, ISBN 978-1-4377-0575-1, retrieved 2020-11-17
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Narchi, Patrick; Singelyn, François; Paqueron, Xavier; Nicholls, Barry (2014-01-01), Benzon, Honorio T.; Rathmell, James P.; Wu, Christopher L.; Turk, Dennis C. (eds.), "55 - Truncal Blocks", Practical Management of Pain (Fifth Edition), Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 745–754.e2, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08340-9.00055-4, ISBN 978-0-323-08340-9, retrieved 2020-11-17

[:0-1] Ostrowska, Monika; de Carvalho, Mamede (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 34 - Injuries of the Nerves of the Thorax", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 525–543, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802653-3.00083-x, ISBN 978-0-12-802653-3, retrieved 2020-11-17

[:1-2] Hébert-Blouin, Marie-Noëlle; Spinner, Robert J.; Bishop, Allen T.; Shin, Alexander Y. (2012-01-01), Chung, Kevin C.; Yang, Lynda J. -S.; McGillicuddy, John E. (eds.), "CHAPTER 19 - Reconstructive procedures for the upper extremity", Practical Management of Pediatric and Adult Brachial Plexus Palsies, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 249–270, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0575-1.00019-8, ISBN 978-1-4377-0575-1, retrieved 2020-11-17

[:2-3] Narchi, Patrick; Singelyn, François; Paqueron, Xavier; Nicholls, Barry (2014-01-01), Benzon, Honorio T.; Rathmell, James P.; Wu, Christopher L.; Turk, Dennis C. (eds.), "55 - Truncal Blocks", Practical Management of Pain (Fifth Edition), Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 745–754.e2, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08340-9.00055-4, ISBN 978-0-323-08340-9, retrieved 2020-11-17

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